Understanding CNC Punching Machine Programming is vital to getting the best out of your CNC Punch Press. The basics need to be grasped prior to cutting the first sheet to minimise loss of valuable material.
Understand Your Coordinate System
The first point to get right before starting to write a program is the coordinate system for the punches to reference from. This will be a datum point on the part, normally the corner of the sheet or a pre-drilled tooling hole. This must be set correctly in the machine and the drawings, otherwise all the hits will be in the wrong place.
Nest Your Parts Efficiently
Nesting parts on the sheet in the most efficient way possible to reduce waste material. The rule of thumb is to place like parts together on the sheet, and then make sure there is at least twice the material thickness between the parts that are to be struck in succession to prevent distortion. Modern CNC Punching Machines come with their own software to nest the parts for you. It is always a good idea to check the output though before running off with the sheets.
Assign Tools in the Program
Each feature is assigned a tool. This would be a punch for holes or a number of punches and/or dies for profiles. The punch and die clearance must also be set relative to the material thickness. The clearance should not be set too tight, as this will only cause the die to crack, or worse break. Conversely, the clearance should not be set too loose, as this will cause an uneven edge. As a rule of thumb, a clearance of 10% material thickness per side is a good starting point.
Sequence Your Hits Carefully
The way in which parts are sequenced through the tooling can also have an effect on the part itself and the time it takes to complete the job. By completing all of the inside features of a part before completing the outside features, and completing the part from the centre out, you can ensure that the part is complete properly and efficiently.
Check the Program Before You Run
Check your program prior to running off your first sheet. Go through the dry-run / simulation to check for any tool path that may cross a clamp zone. Also check that the part/s will fit within the sheet without requiring a re-orientation of the sheet. For information regarding broader Sheet Metal Fabrication training standards see Make UK.
There is more on CNC Punching Machines at https://www.cotswold-machinery-sales.co.uk/euromac-bending-machines/punching-machines.
A simple check before cutting the first part out on a CNC Punching can save lots of time and also prevent wasting lots of material.
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